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rock, in geology, naturally occurring and coherent aggregate of one or more minerals. Such aggregates constitute the basic unit of which the solid Earth is composed and typically form recognizable and mappable volumes.

A mineral as "a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an. orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical. properties." Minerals differ from rocks, which are naturally occurring solids composed of one or more minerals.

Gemstones are minerals, rocks, or organic matters that have been chosen for their beauty, durability, and rarity and then cut or faceted and polished to make jewelry or other human adornments.

crystal, any solid material in which the component atoms are arranged in a definite pattern and whose surface regularity reflects its internal symmetry.

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